WHAT'S A FICO®?

This guide demystifies the FICO® score, an essential factor in the home buying process. Discover how FICO scores influence your ability to secure a mortgage, understand the minimum scores needed for various types of loans, and gain expert advice on improving your credit score. Whether you're a first-time buyer or looking to refinance, this content provides valuable insights into optimizing your credit for a smoother, more affordable home purchase.

Intro to Credit Scores and Home Buying

When it comes to buying a home, your credit score is more than just a number; it’s a critical factor that can make or break your mortgage application. Credit scores, particularly FICO® scores, play a pivotal role in determining your eligibility for a mortgage, the interest rates you’ll be offered, and the overall terms of your loan. Understanding what a FICO score is and how it impacts your home buying journey is essential for anyone looking to step into the real estate market.

Overview of Credit Scores

Credit scores are numerical representations of your creditworthiness, ranging from 300 to 850. These scores are calculated based on your credit history and are used by lenders to assess the risk of lending you money. The higher your score, the lower the risk for the lender, which often translates to better loan terms for you.

Importance of FICO® Scores

FICO® scores are the most widely used credit scores in the United States. Created by the Fair Isaac Corporation, these scores are used by approximately 90% of top lenders to make lending decisions. Your FICO score can significantly influence whether you get approved for a mortgage and the interest rate you’ll pay. A higher FICO score can save you thousands of dollars over the life of your loan by securing lower interest rates.

Impact on Mortgage Rates and Terms

Lenders use your FICO score to determine your mortgage rates and terms. Generally, a higher score means you’re more likely to get approved for a mortgage with favorable terms, such as a lower interest rate and smaller down payment requirements. Conversely, a lower score can result in higher interest rates and more stringent loan conditions, which can make home buying more expensive in the long run.

Understanding FICO® Scores

What is a FICO® Score?

A FICO® score is a three-digit number that represents your credit risk. It is calculated using information from your credit reports, which are maintained by the three major credit bureaus: Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax. Your FICO score helps lenders determine how likely you are to repay a loan.

Components of a FICO® Score

Your FICO score is composed of several factors, each contributing a different percentage to the overall score:

• Payment History (35%): Your record of on-time payments.
• Credit Utilization (30%): The amount of credit you’re using relative to your credit limits.
• Length of Credit History (15%): The age of your credit accounts.
• New Credit (10%): The number of recently opened credit accounts.
• Credit Mix (10%): The variety of credit accounts you have, such as credit cards, mortgages, and auto loans.

FICO® Score Variants

There are various FICO score models, each tailored for different types of lending. For example, FICO 8 is the most commonly used version for general lending, while FICO 5 is often used for mortgage lending. Understanding which FICO score model your lender uses can help you better prepare for the mortgage application process.

Minimum FICO® Scores for Mortgage Loans

General Mortgage Requirements

Different types of mortgage loans have varying minimum FICO score requirements. Knowing these requirements can help you determine which type of loan you may qualify for and what steps you need to take to improve your chances.

By Loan Type

• Conventional Loans: Typically require a minimum FICO score of 620. However, higher scores can qualify you for better interest rates.
• FHA Loans: These government-backed loans require a minimum FICO score of 580 for a 3.5% down payment. If your score is between 500 and 579, you’ll need a 10% down payment.
• USDA Loans: Generally require a minimum FICO score of 640.
• VA Loans: While the VA doesn’t set a minimum score, most lenders require a score of at least 620.
• Jumbo Loans: These loans for higher-priced properties usually require a minimum FICO score of 700.

Lender Variability

It’s important to note that lenders may have their own credit score requirements, which can be higher than the minimums listed above. Therefore, it’s crucial to shop around and compare offers from different lenders to find the best terms for your situation.

How to Improve Your FICO® Score

Strategies for Improvement

Improving your FICO score can take time, but it’s well worth the effort. Here are some actionable strategies to help you boost your score:

• Pay Bills on Time: Your payment history is the most significant factor in your FICO score. Ensure you pay all your bills on time, every time.
• Reduce Debt: Lowering your credit card balances can improve your credit utilization ratio, which is the second most important factor in your FICO score.
• Check for Errors: Regularly review your credit reports for any inaccuracies or errors and dispute them if necessary.
• Avoid Opening New Accounts: Each new credit inquiry can slightly lower your score. Only apply for new credit when necessary.
• Keep Old Accounts Open: The length of your credit history matters. Keeping older accounts open can positively impact your score.

Long-term Credit Health

Maintaining a good credit score requires ongoing effort. Here are some tips for long-term credit health:

• Monitor Your Credit: Regularly check your credit reports and scores to stay on top of your credit health.
• Use Credit Responsibly: Only borrow what you can afford to repay and avoid maxing out your credit cards.
• Stay Informed: Keep up with changes in credit scoring models and lending practices to ensure you’re always in the best position to secure favorable loan terms.

Conclusion: Maximizing Your Home Buying Experience with a Strong FICO® Score

The Value of Preparation

Understanding and improving your FICO score before applying for a mortgage can make the home buying process smoother and more affordable. A strong FICO score not only increases your chances of getting approved for a mortgage but also helps you secure better interest rates and loan terms.

Navigating the Mortgage Process

Armed with knowledge about FICO scores, you can navigate the mortgage process more effectively. Take the time to shop around for lenders, compare offers, and choose the one that best fits your financial situation. With a solid credit score, you’ll be in a better position to negotiate favorable terms and achieve your dream of homeownership.

From the Desk of Tim Clarke

In my 17 years as a real estate agent, I've seen firsthand how a robust FICO score can smooth the path to homeownership. Whether you're eyeing your first home or considering a move, understanding and optimizing your credit score is crucial. Start by getting a clear picture of your credit health and setting realistic goals for improvement. Remember, even small increases in your FICO score can lead to significant savings over the life of your mortgage.

For those embarking on this journey, my advice is to be patient and persistent. Improving your credit score takes time but is well worth the effort. And when you're ready to move forward, choose a lender and a real estate agent who are willing to work with you to find the best solutions for your situation. With the right approach, you can achieve the dream of homeownership on terms that make financial sense for you and your family.

In conclusion, the home buying process can be complex, but understanding your FICO score and taking steps to improve it can make a world of difference. By staying informed and proactive, you can navigate the mortgage landscape with confidence and secure a home that meets your needs and budget. Remember, the journey to homeownership is a marathon, not a sprint, and with the right preparation, you can cross the finish line successfully.

Frequently Asked Questions About FICO scores

What is the range of FICO scores?

The range of possible FICO scores is 300-850. Most people score between 600 and 750.

What is a good FICO score?

FICO scores above 670 are considered good. 720 and above is considered excellent.

How long do closed accounts stay on your credit report?

Closed credit card accounts can stay on your credit report for 10 years from the date they were closed. This continues to impact your credit score.

Does paying off collections help your credit?

Paying off debt collections can improve your credit scores. The collection account will still show for 7 years though.

Does being an authorized user help credit?

Yes, being added as an authorized user on someone else's credit card can help build your credit, assuming the primary user pays on time.

How many credit cards should I have to improve my scores?

3-5 credit cards with low balances can help improve credit. Too many cards or high balances can lower scores.

Does checking your own credit hurt it?

No, checking your own credit scores or reports does not hurt your scores. Soft inquiries from yourself don't impact credit.

How long do hard inquiries impact your credit?

Hard credit inquiries from applications for credit can impact scores for 12 months or more.

How long do late payments impact your credit?

Late payments impact your credit for 7 years but recent lates hurt more.

Should I close old credit cards I don’t use?

Generally it's best not to close old credit cards as it can reduce your overall credit limit and length of credit history, both important FICO factors.